Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas

Attributed to Ibn Abbas — b. -3 AH / 619 CE · d. 68 AH / 687 CE Sunni Companion (Sahabi)

Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas Nuh نُوح (Noah) 28 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
71:1 ›
إِنَّاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِۦۤ أَنۡ أَنذِرۡ قَوۡمَكَ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن یَأۡتِیَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِیمࣱ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
We sent Noah to his people: ‘Warn your people, before a painful punishment comes to them.’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Lo! We sent): '(Lo! We sent Noah unto his people (saying): Warn your people) from Allah's wrath and punishment (ere the painful doom come unto them) in the form of drowning.

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71:2 ›
قَالَ یَـٰقَوۡمِ إِنِّی لَكُمۡ نَذِیرࣱ مُّبِینٌ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
And so he said, ‘My people, I am here to warn you plainly
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(He said: O my people! Lo! I am a plain warner unto you) I am a warning messenger unto you, addressing you in a language you understand.

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71:3 ›
أَنِ ٱعۡبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِیعُونِ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
Serve God, be mindful of Him and obey me
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

((Bidding you): Serve Allah) declare Allah's divine Oneness (and keep your duty unto Him) fear Him and repent of disbelief and idolatry (and obey me) and follow my matter, religion and counsel and accept my advice to you,

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71:4 ›
یَغۡفِرۡ لَكُم مِّن ذُنُوبِكُمۡ وَیُؤَخِّرۡكُمۡ إِلَىٰۤ أَجَلࣲ مُّسَمًّىۚ إِنَّ أَجَلَ ٱللَّهِ إِذَا جَاۤءَ لَا یُؤَخَّرُۚ لَوۡ كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
He will forgive you your sins and spare you until your appointed time––when God’s appointed time arrives it cannot be postponed. If only you understood!’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(That He may forgive you somewhat of your sins) He will forgive your sins through your repentance and belief in Allah's divine Oneness (and respite you) without sending a punishment on you (to an appointed term) until you die. (Lo! the term of Allah) the torment of Allah, (when it cometh, cannot be delayed, if ye but knew) if you believe in what I say to you.

71:5 ›
قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّی دَعَوۡتُ قَوۡمِی لَیۡلࣰا وَنَهَارࣰا ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
He said, ‘My Lord, I have called my people night and day
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

When he despaired of them, after calling them to faith for 950 years, and they refused to believe or heed his advice, (He said: My Lord! Lo! I have called unto my people) to repent and believe in Allah's divine Oneness (night and day) at night and during the day.

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71:6 ›
فَلَمۡ یَزِدۡهُمۡ دُعَاۤءِیۤ إِلَّا فِرَارࣰا ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
but the more I call them, the further they run away
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(But all my calling) to them to repent and believe in Allah's divine Oneness (doth but add to their repugnance) does but increase their remoteness from faith and repentance;

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71:7 ›
وَإِنِّی كُلَّمَا دَعَوۡتُهُمۡ لِتَغۡفِرَ لَهُمۡ جَعَلُوۤا۟ أَصَـٰبِعَهُمۡ فِیۤ ءَاذَانِهِمۡ وَٱسۡتَغۡشَوۡا۟ ثِیَابَهُمۡ وَأَصَرُّوا۟ وَٱسۡتَكۡبَرُوا۟ ٱسۡتِكۡبَارࣰا ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
every time I call them, so that You may forgive them, they thrust their fingers into their ears, cover their heads with their garments, persist in their rejection, and grow more insolent and arrogant
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And lo! Whenever I call unto them) to repentance and belief in Allah's divine Oneness (that Thou mayst pardon them) through their repentance and faith in Allah's divine Oneness (they thrust their fingers in their ears) so as not to hear my words and invitation (and cover themselves with their garments) and cover their heads with their garments so that they do not hear my voice or see me (and persist (in their refusal)) and they remain firm in their disbelief and worship of idols; it is also said that they all shouted in unison: �O Noah! We will not believe in you�, (and magnify themselves in pride) and feel too proud to accept faith or repent, because of their arrogance.

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71:8 ›
ثُمَّ إِنِّی دَعَوۡتُهُمۡ جِهَارࣰا ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
I have tried calling them openly
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And lo! I have called unto them) to repent and believe in Allah's divine Oneness (aloud) openly, thus avoiding secrecy,

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71:9 ›
ثُمَّ إِنِّیۤ أَعۡلَنتُ لَهُمۡ وَأَسۡرَرۡتُ لَهُمۡ إِسۡرَارࣰا ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
I have tried preaching to them in public and speaking to them in private
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And lo! I have made public proclamation unto them) I called them openly to the message and explained to them, (and I have appealed to them in private) and I called them secretly to the message.

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71:10 ›
فَقُلۡتُ ٱسۡتَغۡفِرُوا۟ رَبَّكُمۡ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ غَفَّارࣰا ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
I said, “Ask forgiveness of your Lord: He is ever forgiving
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And I have said) to them: (Seek pardon of your Lord) declare the divine Oneness of your Lord and repent of disbelief and idolatry. (Lo! He was ever Forgiving) of those who repent of disbelief and believe in Him.

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71:11 ›
یُرۡسِلِ ٱلسَّمَاۤءَ عَلَیۡكُم مِّدۡرَارࣰا ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
He will send down abundant rain from the sky for you
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(He will let loose the sky for you in plenteous rain) whenever you need rain. This is because Allah had withheld rain from them for 40 years,

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71:12 ›
وَیُمۡدِدۡكُم بِأَمۡوَ ٰلࣲ وَبَنِینَ وَیَجۡعَل لَّكُمۡ جَنَّـٰتࣲ وَیَجۡعَل لَّكُمۡ أَنۡهَـٰرࣰا ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
He will give you wealth and sons; He will provide you with gardens and rivers
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And will help you with wealth) camels, bovines, sheep (and sons) and daughters; this is because Allah had stopped their wives and beasts from conceiving for 40 years, (and will assign unto you Gardens and will assign unto you rivers) flowing rivers for your own benefits. This is because Allah had, before this, destroyed their fields and made their rivers dry for 40 years.

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71:13 ›
مَّا لَكُمۡ لَا تَرۡجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارࣰا ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
What is the matter with you? Why will you not fear God’s majesty
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(What aileth you that ye hope not towards Allah for dignity) what ails you that you do not fear Allah's might and majesty; and it is also said that this means: what ails you that you do not magnify Allah as He deserves to be magnified and, thus, believe in His divine Oneness.

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71:14 ›
وَقَدۡ خَلَقَكُمۡ أَطۡوَارًا ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
when He has created you stage by stage
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(When He created you by (diverse) stages?) The stages refer to sperm drops, blood clots, small chunks of flesh and bones, etc.,

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71:15 ›
أَلَمۡ تَرَوۡا۟ كَیۡفَ خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ سَبۡعَ سَمَـٰوَ ٰتࣲ طِبَاقࣰا ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
Have you ever wondered how God created seven heavens, one above the other
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(See ye not) have you not been informed, O disbelievers of Mecca, (how Allah hath created seven heavens in harmony) He created them one above the other like a dome whose different parts are cemented with each other,

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71:16 ›
وَجَعَلَ ٱلۡقَمَرَ فِیهِنَّ نُورࣰا وَجَعَلَ ٱلشَّمۡسَ سِرَاجࣰا ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
placed the moon as a light in them and the sun as a lamp
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And hath made the moon) along with them (a light therein) a shining light therein, (and made the sun a lamp) a radiance for the children of Adam?

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71:17 ›
وَٱللَّهُ أَنۢبَتَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ نَبَاتࣰا ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
how God made you spring forth from the earth like a plant
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And Allah hath caused you to grow as a growth from the earth) He created you from Adam, and Adam is created from dust and the dust is from the earth,

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71:18 ›
ثُمَّ یُعِیدُكُمۡ فِیهَا وَیُخۡرِجُكُمۡ إِخۡرَاجࣰا ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
how He will return you into it and then bring you out again
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And afterward He maketh you return thereto) He will burry you in the earth, (and He will bring you forth again) from the graves on the Day of Judgement, (a (new) forthbringing.

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71:19 ›
وَٱللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بِسَاطࣰا ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
and how He has spread the Earth out for yo
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And Allah hath made the earth a wide expanse for you) to lay and sleep on

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71:20 ›
لِّتَسۡلُكُوا۟ مِنۡهَا سُبُلࣰا فِجَاجࣰا ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
to walk along its spacious paths?” ’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(That ye may thread the valley ways thereof) that you may follow wide ways thereof.

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71:21 ›
قَالَ نُوحࣱ رَّبِّ إِنَّهُمۡ عَصَوۡنِی وَٱتَّبَعُوا۟ مَن لَّمۡ یَزِدۡهُ مَالُهُۥ وَوَلَدُهُۥۤ إِلَّا خَسَارࣰا ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
Noah said, ‘My Lord, they have disobeyed me and followed those whose riches and children only increase their ruin
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Noah said: My Lord!) O my Lord! (They have disobeyed me) regarding repentance and faith in Allah's divine Oneness (and followed) and obeyed (one whose) abundant (wealth and children increase him in naught save ruin) in the Hereafter; this refers to the chieftains of his folk;

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71:22 ›
وَمَكَرُوا۟ مَكۡرࣰا كُبَّارࣰا ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
who have made a grand plan
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And they have plotted a mighty plot) and they have uttered a tremendous lie,

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71:23 ›
وَقَالُوا۟ لَا تَذَرُنَّ ءَالِهَتَكُمۡ وَلَا تَذَرُنَّ وَدࣰّا وَلَا سُوَاعࣰا وَلَا یَغُوثَ وَیَعُوقَ وَنَسۡرࣰا ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
saying, “Do not renounce your gods
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And they have said) i.e. the chieftains said to the communality of the people: (Forsake not your gods) forsake not the worship of your Lord. (Forsake not Wadd) forsake not the worship of Wadd, (nor Suwa') nor the worship of Suwa', (nor Yaghuth and Ya'uq and Nasr) nor the worship of Yaghuth and Ya'uq and Nasr. These were idols which Noah's folk worshipped.

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71:24 ›
وَقَدۡ أَضَلُّوا۟ كَثِیرࣰاۖ وَلَا تَزِدِ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِینَ إِلَّا ضَلَـٰلࣰا ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
Do not renounce Wadd, Suwa, Yaghuth, Yauq, or Nasr!” They have led many astray. Lord, bring nothing but destruction down on the evildoers!’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And they have led many astray) he says: they have misled through them many people; and it is also said: many people went astray because of them, (and Thou increasest the wrong-doers) the disbelievers and idolaters in their worship of these idols (in naught save error) loss and destruction.

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71:25 ›
مِّمَّا خَطِیۤءَـٰتِهِمۡ أُغۡرِقُوا۟ فَأُدۡخِلُوا۟ نَارࣰا فَلَمۡ یَجِدُوا۟ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَنصَارࣰا ۝٢٥
Abdel Haleem
They were drowned and sent to Hell for their evildoings: they found no one to help them against God
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Because of their sins they were drowned) by the flood in the life of the world, (then made to enter) in the Hereafter (a Fire. And they found they had no helpers in place of Allah) they had no helpers to defend them against Allah's chastisement.

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Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

71:26 ›
وَقَالَ نُوحࣱ رَّبِّ لَا تَذَرۡ عَلَى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مِنَ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ دَیَّارًا ۝٢٦
Abdel Haleem
And Noah said, ‘Lord, do not leave any of the disbelievers on the earth
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And Noah said) after Allah told him that none of his people will believe in him, apart from those who had already believed: (My Lord!) O my Lord! (Leave not one of the disbelievers in the land.

Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

71:27 ›
إِنَّكَ إِن تَذَرۡهُمۡ یُضِلُّوا۟ عِبَادَكَ وَلَا یَلِدُوۤا۟ إِلَّا فَاجِرࣰا كَفَّارࣰا ۝٢٧
Abdel Haleem
if you leave them they will lead Your servants astray and beget only sinners and disbelievers
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

If Thou shouldst leave them, they will mislead Thy slaves) they will mislead from Your religion those who believe in You and those who wish to believe in You, (and will beget none save lewd ingrates) and will not beget save offspring who are sinful and disbelievers when they reach the age of reason; and it is also said this means: save those upon whom You have decreed disbelief and lewdness when they reach the age of reason; and it is also said that they did not have among them any children because Allah stopped their women from conceiving, and thus they had only adults amongst them, and the latter were all lewd disbelievers.

Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

71:28 ›
رَّبِّ ٱغۡفِرۡ لِی وَلِوَ ٰلِدَیَّ وَلِمَن دَخَلَ بَیۡتِیَ مُؤۡمِنࣰا وَلِلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَـٰتِۖ وَلَا تَزِدِ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِینَ إِلَّا تَبَارَۢا ۝٢٨
Abdel Haleem
Lord, forgive me, my parents, and whoever enters my house as a believer. Forgive believing men and women but bring nothing but ruin down on the evildoers!’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(My Lord!) O my Lord! (Forgive me and my parents) and forgive my believing parents (and him who entereth my house) my religion; and it is also said: my mosque; and it is also said: my ship (believing, and believing men and believing women) who are true in their faith and who will come after me, (and increase not the wrong-doers) the disbelieving idolaters (in aught save ruin) loss and destruction, like the destruction of those people whose Prophet received the revelation but refused to believe in him'.

Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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