Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas

Attributed to Ibn Abbas — b. -3 AH / 619 CE · d. 68 AH / 687 CE Sunni Companion (Sahabi)

Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas al-Fath الفَتْح (Victory, Conquest) 29 verses · Medinan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
48:1 ›
إِنَّا فَتَحۡنَا لَكَ فَتۡحࣰا مُّبِینࣰا ۝١
Abdel Haleem
Truly We have opened up a path to clear triumph for you [Prophet]
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said in the interpretation of Allah's saying (Lo! We have given thee (O Muhammad) a signal victory): '(Lo! We have given thee (O Muhammad) a signal victory) without fighting, and the treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah is part of this victory, except that in al-Hudaybiyyah they threw stones at each other; it is also said that this means: We have enjoined for you a manifest judgement; We honoured you with Islam and prophethood and commanded you to call people to them,

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48:2 ›
لِّیَغۡفِرَ لَكَ ٱللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنۢبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ وَیُتِمَّ نِعۡمَتَهُۥ عَلَیۡكَ وَیَهۡدِیَكَ صِرَ ٰطࣰا مُّسۡتَقِیمࣰا ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
so that God may forgive you your past and future sins, complete His grace upon you, guide you to a straight path
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(That Allah may forgive thee of thy sin that which is past) before the revelation came to you (and that which is to come) and that which is after the revelation and until you die, (and may perfect His favour unto thee) through prophethood, Islam and forgiveness, (and may guide thee on a right path) and may hold you firm on an established way with which He is pleased, i.e. Islam,

48:3 ›
وَیَنصُرَكَ ٱللَّهُ نَصۡرًا عَزِیزًا ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
and help you mightily
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And that Allah may help you) against your enemy (with strong help) whereby you suffer no humiliation.

48:4 ›
هُوَ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِینَةَ فِی قُلُوبِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ لِیَزۡدَادُوۤا۟ إِیمَـٰنࣰا مَّعَ إِیمَـٰنِهِمۡۗ وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِیمًا حَكِیمࣰا ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
It was He who made His tranquillity descend into the hearts of the believers, to add faith to their faith––the forces of the heavens and earth belong to God; He is all knowing and all wise––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(He it is Who sent down peace of reassurance) tranquillity (into the hearts of the believers) into the hearts of true believers on the day of al-Hudaybiyyah (that they might add faith) that they might add certainty, belief and knowledge (unto their faith) in Allah and His Messenger. (Allah's are the hosts of the heavens) the angels (and the earth) the believers and He sets them on whoever He will among His enemies, (and Allah is ever Knower) of what He has done to you: victory, forgiveness, guidance, help and sending down tranquillity into the hearts of the believers, (Wise) regarding that which He has done with you.

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48:5 ›
لِّیُدۡخِلَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَـٰتِ جَنَّـٰتࣲ تَجۡرِی مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَـٰرُ خَـٰلِدِینَ فِیهَا وَیُكَفِّرَ عَنۡهُمۡ سَیِّءَاتِهِمۡۚ وَكَانَ ذَ ٰلِكَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ فَوۡزًا عَظِیمࣰا ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
so as to admit believing men and women into Gardens graced with flowing streams, there to remain, absolving their bad deeds––a great triumph in God’s eyes––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

When the true believers heard of the honour that Allah had bestowed upon His Prophet, they said: �Congratulations, O Messenger of Allah, for what Allah has given you of victory, forgiveness and honour; but what do we have with Allah?� So Allah said: (That He may bring the believing men) the true believing men (and the believing women) and true believing women (into Gardens beneath which) beneath whose trees, houses and rooms (rivers) of wine, water, honey and milk (flow, wherein they will abide) they will abide in the Garden and will never die or leave it, (and may remit from them their evil deeds) which they committed in the life of the world. (That) which I have mentioned which the believers will have, (in the sight of Allah, is the Supreme Triumph) is the greatest safety: they gain Paradise and avoid the Fire and all that which is in it.

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48:6 ›
وَیُعَذِّبَ ٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ وَٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقَـٰتِ وَٱلۡمُشۡرِكِینَ وَٱلۡمُشۡرِكَـٰتِ ٱلظَّاۤنِّینَ بِٱللَّهِ ظَنَّ ٱلسَّوۡءِۚ عَلَیۡهِمۡ دَاۤىِٕرَةُ ٱلسَّوۡءِۖ وَغَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَیۡهِمۡ وَلَعَنَهُمۡ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمۡ جَهَنَّمَۖ وَسَاۤءَتۡ مَصِیرࣰا ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
and to torment the hypocritical and idolatrous men and women who harbour evil thoughts about God––it is they who will be encircled by evil!––who carry the burden of God’s anger, whom God has rejected and for whom He has prepared Hell, an evil destination
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

When 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul heard of the honour Allah had bestowed upon the believers, he went and said to the Prophet (pbuh): �O Messenger of Allah! By Allah, we are just like them, so what do we get?� Allah said: (And may punish the hypocritical men and the hypocritical women, and the idolatrous men and the idolatrous women, who think an evil thought concerning Allah) that He will not help His Messenger against the hypocrites. (For them is the evil turn of fortune) and an evil consequence, (and Allah is wroth against them and hath cursed them) He banished them from all good, (and hath made ready for them) in the Hereafter (hell, a hapless journey's end) what an evil destination they will head for in the Hereafter.

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48:7 ›
وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِیزًا حَكِیمًا ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
The forces of heaven and earth belong to God; He is almighty and all wise
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Allah's are the hosts of the heavens) the angels (and the earth) the believers; He gives help to whomever He will, (and Allah is ever Mighty) in retribution against the disbelievers and hypocrites, (Wise) in bestowing honour on true believers because of their faith; and it is also said that this means: Allah is ever Mighty in His dominion and sovereignty, Wise in His command, decree and help of His Prophet against his enemies.

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48:8 ›
إِنَّاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَـٰكَ شَـٰهِدࣰا وَمُبَشِّرࣰا وَنَذِیرࣰا ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
We have sent you [Prophet] to bring good news and to give warning
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Lo! We have sent thee) O Muhammad (as a witness) over your community that you had delivered the message to them (and a bearer of good tidings) the Garden for the believers (and a warner) to the disbelievers from the Fire,

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48:9 ›
لِّتُؤۡمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُعَزِّرُوهُ وَتُوَقِّرُوهُۚ وَتُسَبِّحُوهُ بُكۡرَةࣰ وَأَصِیلًا ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
so that you[people] may believe in God and His Messenger, support Him, honour Him, and praise Him morning and evening
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(That ye (mankind) may believe in Allah and His messenger) Muhammad (pbuh) (and may honour Him) defend him with the sword against his enemies, (and may revere Him, and may glorify Him) and pray to Allah (at early dawn and at the close of day) in the morning and evening.

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48:10 ›
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِینَ یُبَایِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا یُبَایِعُونَ ٱللَّهَ یَدُ ٱللَّهِ فَوۡقَ أَیۡدِیهِمۡۚ فَمَن نَّكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا یَنكُثُ عَلَىٰ نَفۡسِهِۦۖ وَمَنۡ أَوۡفَىٰ بِمَا عَـٰهَدَ عَلَیۡهُ ٱللَّهَ فَسَیُؤۡتِیهِ أَجۡرًا عَظِیمࣰا ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
Those who pledge loyalty to you [Prophet] are actually pledging loyalty to God Himself- God’s hand is placed on theirs––and anyone who breaks his pledge does so to his own detriment: God will give a great reward to the one who fulfils his pledge to Him
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Then He mentioned the pact of Ridwan at al-Hudaybiyyah which took place under a tree, the Samurah tree; those present at this pact were about 1500 people, and swore allegiance to the Prophet of Allah which, among others, entailed giving counsel, help and not running away [in war]. Allah said: (Lo! those who swear allegiance unto thee (Muhammad)) on the Day of al-Hudaybiyyah, (swear allegiance only unto Allah) it is as if they swear allegiance to Allah. (The Hand of Allah) in terms of reward and help (is above their hands) in relation to truthfulness, fulfilment and completion. (So whosoever breaketh his oath, breaketh it only to his soul's hurt) the punishment of this breaking is against his soul; (while whosoever keepeth his covenant with Allah) and remain truthful and loyal, (on him will He bestow immense reward) on him Allah bestows abundant reward in Paradise. None of those who swore allegiance broke his oath, because they were all sincere and died honouring the allegiance of Ridwan. That is to say to the exception of one man named Jadd Ibn Qays, a hypocrite, who hid on that day behind his camel and did not join in when the swearing of allegiance took place. Allah made him die in his state of hypocrisy.

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48:11 ›
سَیَقُولُ لَكَ ٱلۡمُخَلَّفُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ شَغَلَتۡنَاۤ أَمۡوَ ٰلُنَا وَأَهۡلُونَا فَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَنَاۚ یَقُولُونَ بِأَلۡسِنَتِهِم مَّا لَیۡسَ فِی قُلُوبِهِمۡۚ قُلۡ فَمَن یَمۡلِكُ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ شَیۡءًا إِنۡ أَرَادَ بِكُمۡ ضَرًّا أَوۡ أَرَادَ بِكُمۡ نَفۡعَۢاۚ بَلۡ كَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِیرَۢا ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
The desert Arabs who stayed behind will say to you, ‘We were busy with our property and our families: ask forgiveness for us,’ but they say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say, ‘Whether it is God’s will to do you harm or good, who can intervene for you?’ No! God is fully aware of everything you [people] do
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Those of the wandering Arabs) from Banu Ghifar, Aslam, Ashja', Dayl and some people from Muzaynah and Juhaynah (who were left behind) at the conquest of al-Hudaybiyyah (will tell thee: Our possessions and our households occupied us) we were afraid that our households would be ruined if we went out with you, and this is why we stayed behind, (so ask forgiveness for us) O Messenger of Allah, for failing to accompany you to al-Hudaybiyyah! (They speak with their tongues) they ask with their tongue-i.e. forgiveness-(that which is not in their hearts) without really feeling the need for it, whether you ask forgiveness for them or not. (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Who can avail you aught against Allah) who can do anything about Allah's torment, (if he intend you hurt) killing and defeat (or intend you profit) victory, booty and well-being? (Nay, but Allah is ever Aware of what ye do) Allah is aware of your failure to join the conquest of al-Hudaybiyyah.

48:12 ›
بَلۡ ظَنَنتُمۡ أَن لَّن یَنقَلِبَ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ إِلَىٰۤ أَهۡلِیهِمۡ أَبَدࣰا وَزُیِّنَ ذَ ٰلِكَ فِی قُلُوبِكُمۡ وَظَنَنتُمۡ ظَنَّ ٱلسَّوۡءِ وَكُنتُمۡ قَوۡمَۢا بُورࣰا ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
No! You thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families and this thought warmed your hearts. Your thoughts are evil, for you are corrupt people
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay, but ye deemed) O hypocrites (that the messenger and the believers would never return to their own folk) from al-Hudaybiyyah to Medina, (and that was made fair-seeming in your hearts) and you were so convinced of this that you stayed behind, (and ye did think an evil thought) and you thought that Allah will not help His Prophet, (and ye were worthless folk) and you were ruined folk, with unsound and hardened hearts.

48:13 ›
وَمَن لَّمۡ یُؤۡمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ فَإِنَّاۤ أَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ سَعِیرࣰا ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
We have prepared a blazing Fire for those who do not believe in God and His Messenger
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And as for him who believeth not in Allah and His messenger) as for him who is not true in his faith in Allah and His Messenger. (Lo! We have prepared a flame for disbelievers) for disbelievers who disbelieve openly or secretly.

48:14 ›
وَلِلَّهِ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ یَغۡفِرُ لِمَن یَشَاۤءُ وَیُعَذِّبُ مَن یَشَاۤءُۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورࣰا رَّحِیمࣰا ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
Control of the heavens and earth belongs to God and He forgives whoever He will and punishes whoever He will: God is most forgiving and merciful
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And Allah's is the Sovereignty) the stores (of the heavens) rain (and the earth) vegetation. (He forgiveth whom He will) of the believers for committing enormities, out of favour, (and punisheth whom He will) for committing minor sins, in justice; it is also said that this means: He honours whom He will with faith and repentance such that He forgives him and makes die whom He will in a state of disbelief and hypocrisy and then punishes him for it; and it is also said that this means: He forgives whoever deserves to be forgiven and punishes whoever deserves to be punished. (And Allah is ever Forgiving) He always forgives whoever repents of enormous and minor sins, (Merciful) towards whoever dies repentant.

48:15 ›
سَیَقُولُ ٱلۡمُخَلَّفُونَ إِذَا ٱنطَلَقۡتُمۡ إِلَىٰ مَغَانِمَ لِتَأۡخُذُوهَا ذَرُونَا نَتَّبِعۡكُمۡۖ یُرِیدُونَ أَن یُبَدِّلُوا۟ كَلَـٰمَ ٱللَّهِۚ قُل لَّن تَتَّبِعُونَا كَذَ ٰلِكُمۡ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ مِن قَبۡلُۖ فَسَیَقُولُونَ بَلۡ تَحۡسُدُونَنَاۚ بَلۡ كَانُوا۟ لَا یَفۡقَهُونَ إِلَّا قَلِیلࣰا ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
When you [believers] set off for somewhere that promises war gains, those who [previously] stayed behind will say, ‘Let us come with you.’ They want to change God’s words, but tell them [Prophet], ‘You may not come with us: God has said this before.’ They will reply, ‘You begrudge us out of jealousy.’ How little they understand
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Those who were left behind) at the conquest of al-Hudaybiyyah, i.e. Banu Ghifar, Aslam, Ashja' and some people from Muzaynah and Juhaynah (will say, when ye set forth to capture booty) the booty of Khaybar: (Let us go with you) to Khaybar. (They fain would change the verdict of Allah) when he said to His Prophet not to let them accompany him to any other conquest after failing to join the conquest of al-Hudaybiyyah. (Say) to Banu 'Amir, Dayl, Aslam, Ashja', and a group from Muzaynah and Juhaynah: (Ye shall not go with us) to Khaybar except as volunteers but you will not have a share of the booty. (Thus) just as we told you (hath Allah said beforehand) in surah Repentance (say unto them: Ye shall never more go out with me nor fight with me against a foe�). Upon hearing this, the hypocrites said to the believers: Allah has not commanded you this, it is rather because you are resentfully envious of us for sharing the booty with you. So Allah said: (Then they will say: Ye are envious of us) regarding the booty. (Nay, but they understand not) the command of Allah, (save a little) neither much nor a little.

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48:16 ›
قُل لِّلۡمُخَلَّفِینَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ سَتُدۡعَوۡنَ إِلَىٰ قَوۡمٍ أُو۟لِی بَأۡسࣲ شَدِیدࣲ تُقَـٰتِلُونَهُمۡ أَوۡ یُسۡلِمُونَۖ فَإِن تُطِیعُوا۟ یُؤۡتِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَجۡرًا حَسَنࣰاۖ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوۡا۟ كَمَا تَوَلَّیۡتُم مِّن قَبۡلُ یُعَذِّبۡكُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِیمࣰا ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
Tell the desert Arabs who stayed behind, ‘You will be called to face a people of great might in war and to fight them, unless they surrender: if you obey, God will reward you well, but if you turn away, as you have done before, He will punish you heavily
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Say) O Muhammad (unto those of the wandering Arabs who were left behind) Dayl, Ashja', and a group of people from both Muzaynah and Juhaynah: (Ye will be called) after the Prophet (pbuh) (against a folk) to fight a folk (of mighty prowess) who are tough in fighting; the reference here is to the people of al-Yamamah, Banu Hanifah, the folk of Musaylimah the liar, (to fight them) because of religion (until they surrender; and if ye obey) and agree to fight and make your profession of Allah's divine Oneness pure, (Allah will give you a fair reward) in the Garden; (but if ye turn away) from Allah's divine Oneness, repentance, sincerity and acceptance to fight against Musaylimah the liar (as ye did turn away before) at the conquest of al-Hudaybiyyah, (He will punish you with a painful doom).

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48:17 ›
لَّیۡسَ عَلَى ٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰ حَرَجࣱ وَلَا عَلَى ٱلۡأَعۡرَجِ حَرَجࣱ وَلَا عَلَى ٱلۡمَرِیضِ حَرَجࣱۗ وَمَن یُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ یُدۡخِلۡهُ جَنَّـٰتࣲ تَجۡرِی مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَـٰرُۖ وَمَن یَتَوَلَّ یُعَذِّبۡهُ عَذَابًا أَلِیمࣰا ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
the blind, the lame, and the sick will not be blamed.’ God will admit anyone who obeys Him and His Messenger to Gardens graced with flowing streams; He will painfully punish anyone who turns away
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Then the people who had infirmities and chronic illnesses came to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and said: �O Messenger of Allah! Allah has threatened to punish whoever stays behind and does not take part in fighting with a painful doom. How can we go out in military expedition when we are physically unable to do so?� And so Allah said: (There is no blame for the blind) if he does not go out in military conquests, (nor is there blame for the lame) if he does not go out in military conquests, (nor is there blame for the sick (that they go not forth to war). And whoso obeyeth Allah and His messenger) openly and privately and answers him by going out to fight the enemy, (He will make him enter Gardens beneath which) beneath whose houses, rooms and trees (rivers) of wine, water, honey, and milk (flow; and whoso turneth back) from the obedience of Allah and His Messenger and refuses to comply, (him will He punish with a painful doom).

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:18 ›
۞ لَّقَدۡ رَضِیَ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ إِذۡ یُبَایِعُونَكَ تَحۡتَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِی قُلُوبِهِمۡ فَأَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِینَةَ عَلَیۡهِمۡ وَأَثَـٰبَهُمۡ فَتۡحࣰا قَرِیبࣰا ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
God was pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you [Prophet] under the tree: He knew what was in their hearts and so He sent tranquillity down to them and rewarded them with a speedy triump
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Allah then mentioned His pleasure with those who swore allegiance at the pledge of Ridwan, saying: (Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance unto thee beneath the tree) when they swore allegiance to you at al-Hudaybiyyah under the Samurah tree; they were about 1,500 men who swore allegiance to assist and defend the Prophet and to remain in fighting, if need be, till death, (and He knew what was in their hearts) of truthfulness and loyalty, (and He) Allah Exalted is He (sent down peace of reassurance) tranquillity (on them) and removed zealotry from them, (and hath rewarded them) after this (with a near victory) the conquest of Khaybar, soon after that;

48:19 ›
وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِیرَةࣰ یَأۡخُذُونَهَاۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِیزًا حَكِیمࣰا ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
and with many future gains. God is mighty and wise
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And much booty that they will capture) the booty of Khaybar. (Allah is ever Mighty) in retribution against His foes, (Wise) in giving help, conquest and booty to the Prophet (pbuh) and his Companions.

48:20 ›
وَعَدَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِیرَةࣰ تَأۡخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمۡ هَـٰذِهِۦ وَكَفَّ أَیۡدِیَ ٱلنَّاسِ عَنكُمۡ وَلِتَكُونَ ءَایَةࣰ لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ وَیَهۡدِیَكُمۡ صِرَ ٰطࣰا مُّسۡتَقِیمࣰا ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
He has promised you [people] many future gains: He has hastened this gain for you. He has held back the hands of hostile people from you as a sign for the faithful and He will guide you to a straight path
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Allah promiseth you much booty that ye will capture) this is the booty of Persia which they had not captured yet but would capture a few years later, (and hath given you this) i.e. the booty of Khaybar (in advance, and hath withheld men's hands from you) from fighting you; referring here to Asad and Ghatafan who were allies of Khaybar, (that it) the conquest of Khaybar (may be a token) a lesson and sign (for the believers) this is because the believers were about 8,000 in number while Khaybar were about 70,000, (and that He may guide you on a right path) and that He may hold you firm on an established religion with which He is pleased.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:21 ›
وَأُخۡرَىٰ لَمۡ تَقۡدِرُوا۟ عَلَیۡهَا قَدۡ أَحَاطَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَاۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَیۡءࣲ قَدِیرࣰا ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
There are many other gains [to come], over which you have no power. God has full control over them: God has power over all things
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And other (gain)) and other booty, (which ye have not been able to achieve) yet, (Allah will compass it) Allah knows that it will happen, this is the booty Persia. (Allah is Able to do all things) of conquest, victory and capturing booty.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:22 ›
وَلَوۡ قَـٰتَلَكُمُ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوَلَّوُا۟ ٱلۡأَدۡبَـٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا یَجِدُونَ وَلِیࣰّا وَلَا نَصِیرࣰا ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
If the disbelievers had fought against you, they would have taken flight and found no one to protect or support them
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And if those who disbelieve) Asad, Ghatafan along with Khaybar (join battle with you they will take to flight) defeated, (and afterward they will find no protecting friend) to prevent you from killing them (nor helper) who can prevent their killing and defeat.

Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:23 ›
سُنَّةَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّتِی قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلُۖ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ ٱللَّهِ تَبۡدِیلࣰا ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
such was God’s practice in the past and you will find no change in God’s practices
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(It is the law of Allah which hath taken course aforetime) regarding past nations that they were exposed to killing and defeat when their rebelled against the prophets of Allah. (Thou wilt not find for the law of Allah) you will not find for the law of Allah of punishing those who rebel against the prophets (aught of power to change) any change.

Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:24 ›
وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِی كَفَّ أَیۡدِیَهُمۡ عَنكُمۡ وَأَیۡدِیَكُمۡ عَنۡهُم بِبَطۡنِ مَكَّةَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ أَنۡ أَظۡفَرَكُمۡ عَلَیۡهِمۡۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِیرًا ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
In the valley of Mecca it was He who held their hands back from you and your hands back from them after He gave you the advantage over them––God sees all that you do
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And He it is Who hath withheld men's hands) the hands of the people of Mecca (from you) from fighting you, (and hath withheld your hands from them) from fighting them, (in the valley of Mecca) in the middle of Mecca except that they threw stones at each other, (after He had made you victors over them) for the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh) overwhelmed with stone throwing until they entered Mecca. (Allah is Seer of what ye do) of throwing stones and other things as well.

Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:25 ›
هُمُ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَصَدُّوكُمۡ عَنِ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ وَٱلۡهَدۡیَ مَعۡكُوفًا أَن یَبۡلُغَ مَحِلَّهُۥۚ وَلَوۡلَا رِجَالࣱ مُّؤۡمِنُونَ وَنِسَاۤءࣱ مُّؤۡمِنَـٰتࣱ لَّمۡ تَعۡلَمُوهُمۡ أَن تَطَءُوهُمۡ فَتُصِیبَكُم مِّنۡهُم مَّعَرَّةُۢ بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمࣲۖ لِّیُدۡخِلَ ٱللَّهُ فِی رَحۡمَتِهِۦ مَن یَشَاۤءُۚ لَوۡ تَزَیَّلُوا۟ لَعَذَّبۡنَا ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنۡهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِیمًا ۝٢٥
Abdel Haleem
They were the ones who disbelieved, who barred you from the Sacred Mosque, and who prevented the offering from reaching its place of sacrifice. If there had not been among them, unknown to you, believing men and women whom you would have trampled underfoot, inadvertently incurring guilt on their account- God brings whoever He will into His mercy- if the [believers] had been clearly separated, We would have inflicted a painful punishment on the disbelievers
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(These it was who disbelieved) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an, i.e. the people of Mecca (and debarred you from the Inviolable Place of Worship) and prevented you from the Inviolable Place of Worship on the year of al-Hudaybiyyah, (and debarred the offering from reaching its goal) and prevented your sacrifices from reaching the place where they were to be sacrificed. (And if it had not been for believing men) al-Walid and Salamah the sons of Hisham, 'Ayyash Ibn Rabi'ah and Abu Jandal Ibn Suhayl Ibn 'Amr (and believing women) in Mecca, (whom ye know not lest ye should tread them under foot) lest you should kill (and thus incur) because of killing (guilt for them) blood money and the sin of killing them; (unknowingly) without knowing that they were believers. if it were not for that, Allah would have set you on them to kill them; (that Allah might bring into His mercy) that Allah may honour with His religion (whom He will) whoever deserves it. (If (the believers and the disbelievers) had been clearly separated) if the believers had moved out from among the disbelievers (We verily had punished those of them who disbelieved) the disbelievers of Mecca (with painful punishment) with your swords.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:26 ›
إِذۡ جَعَلَ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ فِی قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلۡحَمِیَّةَ حَمِیَّةَ ٱلۡجَـٰهِلِیَّةِ فَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِینَتَهُۥ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَعَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ وَأَلۡزَمَهُمۡ كَلِمَةَ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰ وَكَانُوۤا۟ أَحَقَّ بِهَا وَأَهۡلَهَاۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَیۡءٍ عَلِیمࣰا ۝٢٦
Abdel Haleem
While the disbelievers had fury in their hearts- the fury of ignorance- God sent His tranquillity down on to His Messenger and the believers and made binding on them [their] promise to obey God, for that was more appropriate and fitting for them. God has full knowledge of all things
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(When those who disbelieve) the disbelievers of Mecca (had set up in their hearts zealotry, the zealotry of the Age of Ignorance) by preventing the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and his Companions from the House, (then Allah sent down His peace of reassurance) His tranquillity (upon His messenger and upon the believers) and removed zealotry from them (and imposed on them) and inspired them with (the word of self restraint) �there is no deity save Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah�, (for they were worthy of it) they were worthy of �there is no deity save Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah�, as it was in Allah's beginninglessly eternal knowledge (and meet for it) in the life of this world. (And Allah is Aware of all things) regarding honouring the believers.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:27 ›
لَّقَدۡ صَدَقَ ٱللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ٱلرُّءۡیَا بِٱلۡحَقِّۖ لَتَدۡخُلُنَّ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدَ ٱلۡحَرَامَ إِن شَاۤءَ ٱللَّهُ ءَامِنِینَ مُحَلِّقِینَ رُءُوسَكُمۡ وَمُقَصِّرِینَ لَا تَخَافُونَۖ فَعَلِمَ مَا لَمۡ تَعۡلَمُوا۟ فَجَعَلَ مِن دُونِ ذَ ٰلِكَ فَتۡحࣰا قَرِیبًا ۝٢٧
Abdel Haleem
God has truly fulfilled His Messenger’s vision: ‘God willing, you will most certainly enter the Sacred Mosque in safety, shavenheaded or with cropped hair, without fear!’- God knew what you did not- and He has granted you a speedy triumph
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Allah hath fulfilled the vision for His messenger in very truth) truly. This is because the Prophet (pbuh) had told his Companions: (Ye shall indeed enter the Inviolable Place of Worship, if Allah will, secure) from the enemy, ((having your hair) shaven and cut, not fearing) the enemy; and Allah did fulfil what the Prophet (pbuh) had said to his Companions. (But He knoweth that which ye know not) Allah had known that what he promised was not to take place in that year but in the following year, while you did not know this, (and hath given you a near victory beforehand) i.e. the conquest of Khaybar before the fulfilment of this vision.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:28 ›
هُوَ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَرۡسَلَ رَسُولَهُۥ بِٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَدِینِ ٱلۡحَقِّ لِیُظۡهِرَهُۥ عَلَى ٱلدِّینِ كُلِّهِۦۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ شَهِیدࣰا ۝٢٨
Abdel Haleem
It was He who sent His Messenger, with guidance and the religion of Truth, for him to show that it is above all [false] religion. God suffices as a witness
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(He it is Who hath sent His messenger) Muhammad (pbuh) (with the guidance) with the profession of Allah's divine Oneness; and it is also said this means: with the Qur'an (and the religion of truth) the testification that there is no deity save Allah and that Muhammad is His Slave and Messenger, (that He may cause it to prevail over all religion) such that the Hour will not come until there is none but a Muslim or someone who is in a peace treaty with him. (And Allah sufficeth as a witness) there is no deity except Allah.

48:29 ›
مُّحَمَّدࣱ رَّسُولُ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱلَّذِینَ مَعَهُۥۤ أَشِدَّاۤءُ عَلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِ رُحَمَاۤءُ بَیۡنَهُمۡۖ تَرَىٰهُمۡ رُكَّعࣰا سُجَّدࣰا یَبۡتَغُونَ فَضۡلࣰا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَ ٰنࣰاۖ سِیمَاهُمۡ فِی وُجُوهِهِم مِّنۡ أَثَرِ ٱلسُّجُودِۚ ذَ ٰلِكَ مَثَلُهُمۡ فِی ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةِۚ وَمَثَلُهُمۡ فِی ٱلۡإِنجِیلِ كَزَرۡعٍ أَخۡرَجَ شَطۡءَهُۥ فَءَازَرَهُۥ فَٱسۡتَغۡلَظَ فَٱسۡتَوَىٰ عَلَىٰ سُوقِهِۦ یُعۡجِبُ ٱلزُّرَّاعَ لِیَغِیظَ بِهِمُ ٱلۡكُفَّارَۗ وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ مِنۡهُم مَّغۡفِرَةࣰ وَأَجۡرًا عَظِیمَۢا ۝٢٩
Abdel Haleem
Muhammad is the Messenger of God. Those who follow him are harsh towards the disbelievers and compassionate towards each other. You see them kneeling and prostrating, seeking God’s bounty and His good pleasure: on their faces they bear the marks of their prostrations. This is how they are pictured in the Torah and the Gospel: like a seed that puts forth its shoot, becomes strong, grows thick, and rises on its stem to the delight of its sowers. So God infuriates the disbelievers through them; God promises forgiveness and a great reward to those who believe and do righteous deeds
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah) and this without the witness of Suhayl Ibn 'Amr. (And those with him) i.e. Abu Bakr, the first who believed in him and called the disbelievers with him to the religion of Allah (are hard against the disbelievers) this refers to 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab who was tough with the enemies of Allah, strong in the religion of Allah and a defender of Allah's Messenger (and merciful among themselves) and dutiful towards each other; this refers to 'Uthman Ibn 'Affan who was very dutiful and merciful towards the Muslims, and spent much of his money on them. (Thou (O Muhammad) seest them bowing) in prayer (and falling prostrate (in worship)) this refers to 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib who abundantly bowed and prostrated in prayer, (seeking bounty) reward (from Allah and (His) acceptance) acceptance of their Lord through jihad; this refers to Talhah and al-Zubayr who were very hard on, and tough with, the disbelievers. (The mark of them is on their foreheads from) the sign of their staying awake is on their faces from (the traces of prostration) from repeated prostration at night; this refers to Salman al-Farisi, Bilal, Suhayb and their fellow believers. (Such is their likeness) their description (in the Torah and their likeness) and their description in (in the Gospel like as sown corn) this is the Prophet (pbuh) (that) Allah (sendeth forth its shoot) i.e. Abu Bakr, the first to believe in him and the first to face the enemies of Allah (and strengtheneth it) and assists him; this is 'Umar who assisted the Prophet (pbuh) with his sword against the enemies of Allah (and riseth firm) He became strong with the wealth of 'Uthman which he used in jihad in the way of Allah (upon its stalk) and spread his message among Quraysh through 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib, (delighting the sowers) the Prophet (pbuh) was pleased with Talhah and al-Zubayr (that He may enrage the disbelievers with (the sight of) them) by means of Talhah and al-Zubayr. It is also said that from Allah's saying (Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah�) up to here was revealed in praise of those who took part in the swearing of allegiance at Ridwan and the sincere, obedient prophetic Companions in general. (Allah hath promised, unto such of them as believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and do good works) and do acts of obedience in private between themselves and their Lord, (forgiveness) of their sins in this world and in the Hereafter (and immense reward) and abundant reward in the Garden'.

Connections 17 single-source 2 commentators

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Single-source mentions (17) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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